Yu-Lin Tang's Obituary
Autobiography of Yu-Lin Tang (譚煜麟) (written at age 86) I was born (1) and educated in Guangzhou (廣州). My mother seldom talked about where we came from. This biography was written from memory to tell the highlights of my life. I remember when I was in elementary school, I went to the grave yard with my elder brothers and saw inscription on the grave stone with the year of mid-Ching (Qing,清)(2) dynasty. I presume my family had lived in Guangzhou since that time. At the time of my father’s death, there were six people in the family – grandfather, mother, three brothers and myself (3). My father used to work at State Salt Bureau (鹽務公所). He suffered from beriberi (腳氣病) for a long time and died of the disease. At the time my father’s death, I was 6, second brother 12, third brother 9, the sixth brother was just born, and my grandfather was over 70. As my father’s illness cost a lot of money and there was little income, the family lived in poverty. To make a living, we raised money and opened a grocery store named Fou Cheng (福成) in Guangzhou managed by my grandfather. As he was getting old, he found it was difficult to take the responsibility. My mother looked after the home and also helped in the store. My brothers and I were still young and could not help much, so my maternal grandmother came and helped with the house work. When my grandfather died from dysentery, the stored was closed as no one could look after the business. To reduce the financial burden of the family, my second and third brother moved out and found jobs themselves. But they could not contribute anything to the family. To earn a living, mother borrowed some money to buy a sewing machine to make clothes. The meager earnings allowed us just to live hand to mouth. In our neighborhood, there was a Hunan-Hunbei Club (兩湖會館) where many Hunanese lived. Cha Da Tong (查大同) was one of them. He was good at fortune telling. He said I would become a high official. My mother thought he was only making fun of me and ignored him. I was 13 years old when studying grade 3 of middle school. To relieve the financial burden, my mother asked people in the club to find a job for me. A man in the club worked as a clerk in Sun Yat-Sen’s (國父孫中山) government. He introduced me to Zhang Guo Shen (張國森), a secretary (副官) in the government. He often drafted letters to Hu Han Min (胡漢民) to discuss politics, and asked me to copy the letters using a brush pen (毛筆). At the time, Hu was the number two man in the government just below Sun. Hu sometimes was acting for Sun at his request, and was known as Acting Marshal Hu (胡代帥). As my skill of brush pen writing was not great, I did my best to improve my calligraphy. Zhang was sent to the army hospital to dispense condolence payments to wounded soldiers. At first, I accompanied Zhang to the hospital. Later on he asked me to live in the hospital to handle the payments, and did not come to the hospital anymore himself. I had been doing this job until I entered the military academy. Sometime in 1924 (民國十三年), Zhang mentioned to his friend that Sun Yat-Sen was establishing a military academy (黃埔軍校) and recruiting students. When I heard this news, I decided to register for the entrance examination of the academy. The examination took place in Sun Yat-sen University (中山大學). About a thousand people participated in the examination which lasted for a whole day. Each person was given two man-tows (饅頭) for lunch. When the results of the examination were disclosed, I thought I would not pass and be admitted. I searched the list from the bottom up, and found my name on the primary list. I could not believe it. Most of the applicants were graduates of middle schools. It was hard to believe that some of them were not admitted. More than three hundred people were in the primary list and about one hundred were in the wait list. Perhaps Cha Da Tong’s (查大同) fortune telling was accurate. The date to report to the academy was May 5, 1924. We embarked on a boat from the pier of Lin Nan University (嶺南大學). Liao Zhung Kai (廖仲凱) was at the pier to look after the students. The big wooden boat took the students to Huang Pu (黃埔), which was 40 Hua Li (華里), about 20 kilometers, from Lin Nan University. This place used to be called Chang Zho (長洲) where Huang Pu Fortress (黃埔要塞) and Huang Pu Shipyard (黃埔造船廠) were located. People usually referred to the place as Huang Pu (黃埔). The opening ceremony was a solemn occasion presided by Sun Yat-Sen himself. The training was completed in six months ending in the winter. At this time, soldiers were recruited to form two Teaching Corps (教導團), 1st and 2nd corps, headed by Ho Ying Chin (何應欽) and Wang Bo Ling (王柏齡), respectively. The graduates of the academy were appointed as officers of the corps under them. I was appointed party representative (黨代表) of a company (連). The commander of the company was Li Ji Lan (李及蘭). Both Li and I were at the rank of captain (上尉). After Chen Jung Min (陳炯明) was defeated in the eastern campaign (東征), Guangdong Province was unified. At that time, many party representatives were communists. One day all party representatives were summoned to Guangzhou. We did not know what happened. We later learned that there was an accident aboard warship Zhong Shan (中山艦事件). Soon after the accident, I moved to Guangzhou. A school mate whom I did not know before, Zhou Shih Mian (周士勉), Head of Politics Department (政治部 主任) of the third Division (第三師) stationed at Mei Shien (梅縣) invited me to work with him. He appointed me Battalion Political Supervisor (營政治指導員). The battalion commander (營長) was Li Ji Lan (李及蘭). This was the second time that we worked in the same unit. At that time, the Northern Expedition (北伐) was in progress taking the entire Fu Jian Province (福建省). At a reunion of the Military Academy in the spring of 1927, Ho Ying Chin (何應欽) announced the establishment of Advanced Training School for Army Officers (陸軍軍官學校高級班) open to graduates of the Military Academy. I decided to write the school’s entrance examination. The first examination was held in Fu Zhou (福州市) and the second in Guangzhou. I was one of 72 who passed the examination and were admitted to the school. The school was located at Tien Tse Pier (天字碼頭), Guangzhou. In the winter of that year, Teaching Corp (教導團) under communist Yeh Jian Yin (葉劍英) launched an uprising led by Zhang Tai Lei (張太雷). Fighting and burning were everywhere in the city. After 3 day’s combat, the uprising was put down and Zhang was killed. I graduated from Advance Training School in May 1928. The school did not recruit any more students and closed. In the application form for placement, I put Nanjing as my preferred city of employment. At that time, the Northern Expedition led by Chiang Kai-Shek reached Nanjing. All the graduates were summoned to see Chiang. I was appointed team leader of the 4th platoon, 1st company, 6th batch of the Nanjing Central Military Academy (南京中央軍校第六期一大隊第四隊區隊長). Soon I was promoted to the position of squadron leader (中隊長). In July 1928, the government decided to move the casket of Sun Yat-Sen from Beiping (北平, now Beijing) to Nanjing (南京) for burial, and organized a Spirit Protection Team (護靈團) to escort the casket to Nanjing. I led the students of the Military Academy’s 6th batch as part of the Spirit Protection Team to go to Beiping. This was the first time I travelled to Beiping. In the spare time during my stay, I visited many scenery places and historical sites in Beiping. As Sun Yat-Sen’s mausoleum would take a long time to complete, I brought the students back to Nanjing. The mausoleum was completed in the summer of 1929. Sun Yat-sen’s casket was moved to Nanjing and buried at Zhong-Shan Ling (中山陵) in Tse Jing Shan (紫金山, Zi Jing Shan). The burial ceremony was called Ceremony of Peace (奉安典禮). Representatives from nations around the world dressed in formal attire attended the funeral. The ceremony was presided by Kung Shiang Shi (孔祥熙, Kung Xiang Xi). I took the students to the funeral and participated in the entire ceremony. The students of the Military Academy’s 6th batch graduated in the summer of 1929. The team and squadron leaders (隊長, 區隊長) of the Military Academy were re-organized into an officer’s corps to be trained by German advisers. However, we had no interest in the training and the results were poor. In the spring of 1930, soldiers were recruited to form a Teaching Division (教導師) commanded by Zhang Zhi Zhong (張治中). At the rank of lieutenant colonel (中校), I was appointed vice regiment commander (團附). One day, the commander of Military Police Regiment (憲兵團), Shuen Tie Wu (宣鐵吾) (classmate in the first batch, 4th Team of the Military Academy,一期四隊) phoned me unexpectly and invited me to be battalion commander (營長) of his regiment. Training of the regiment took place in Jia Shing (嘉興). Soon the regiment commander was replaced by Chiang Shao Shieng (蔣孝先, Jiang Xiao Xien). He was a member of the “Shao” generation of Chiang Kai-Shik’s (蔣中正) clan. In April 1931, the headquarter of military police selected 20 officers to go to Japan to study the operations of military police, and I was one of them. This was the first time I left China. We boarded a ship in Shanghai and sailed to Kobe (神戶), then took a night train to Tokyo. The Chinese embassy sent staff to the railway station to meet us and took us to Imperial Hotel (帝國大飯店). As this was a luxury hotel and the price was too high, we changed to a hotel of moderate price. The hotel was located in Jio Duan (九段) and the hotel name was Shung Mei Guang (松美館). We visited the headquarter and troops of Japan’s military police. We also visited Duck’s Nest Prison (鴨巢監獄). It was a model prison where high ranking prisoners of war were kept after the war. We spent 3 months in Tokyo visiting and studying, and returned to China in July of the year. The Army University was an educational institute of the highest level. The school term was 3 years. Most high ranking officers were graduates of the university. The university was in Beiping (北平) originally. It was moved to Nanjing in 1932 to start the class of the 10th batch. At the time, I was vice commander (團附) of the third regiment of military police. I passed the entrance examination and was admitted to the university. I enrolled in April 1932, spent 3 years there and graduated in 1935. In 1928 when I was the team leader of the students (學生隊隊長) of the 6th batch of the Military Academy (in Nanjing), I met Tang Shing (唐星, Tang Xing) from the 1st batch. One day he took me to his aunt’s (姑母) home. His aunt was Shih-Chuang’s (汪褆莊) grandmother. I thus knew all the people in his family. Later they moved to Guangzhou and Shih-Chuang attended school there. As her grandfather worked in Shanghai, she moved to Shanghai to continue her schooling. At the time, I worked between Nanjing and Shanghai and had opportunities to see her grandparents. Shih-Chuang and I got married in Shanghai on April 28, 1934. My mother and Zhe-Li (譚哲力, Shirley) traveled from Guangzhou to Shanghai to attend our wedding. After the wedding, I continued my study at the Army University. During the time I was at the Army University, the university organized two trips called Advice Travel (參謀旅行) every year. The last trip was in the fall of 1934. The destination of the trip was Beiping. The university arranged a special train for the trip and allowed the family members to accompany the students. Shih-Chuang was pregnant at the time. We returned to Nanjing after the exercise. Wei-Li (偉力, William) was born on May 6 in the following year in Nanjing. Upon graduation from the Army University in 1935, I was appointed Head of Education (教育長) of Training Center for Military Police (憲兵訓練所). There were two officer’s classes and four sergeant’s classes totalling more than a thousand trainees. After the trainees graduated from the center, I was transferred to Shu Zhou (徐州, Xu Zhou) to assume the position of Commander of the 9th Military Police Regiment (憲兵第九團團長). Shih-Chuang was pregnant with Jie-Li (潔力, Jenny) and Wei-Li was not even 1 year old. I decided not to take the family to Shu Zhou. Instead, I took Shih-Chuang and Wei-Li to Shanghai to live with Shih-Chuang’s grandparents. Another reason for not taking them to Shu Zhou was that the hospital in Shanghai was better equipped for delivery. My mother and Zhe-Li (哲力) had been away from Guangzhou for a long time and did not want to move to Shu Zhou. They went back to Guangzhou. Soon after Shih-Chuang moved to Shanghai, Wei-Li was suddenly ill with high fever. The doctor said it was measles. For the first three days, rash appeared on the skin of the entire body, but disappeared completely after three days. However, the temperature was even higher. I was young and inexperienced. I sent him to Ren Ji Hospital (仁濟醫院). The doctor’s diagnosis was pneumonia and the illness was serious. As Wei-Li’s temperature was very high, oxygen and ice bags were used to lower the temperature. There was no other way. The high temperature persisted and reached 104-105 degrees. I asked the doctor if there was any other thing that he could try. The doctor said he had done his best and was now waiting for the temperature to drop. If not, he was in real danger of death. He suggested that I made funeral arrangements. I was shocked. On that morning, I went home to discuss with my grandparents-in-law as to whether to check out the hospital and see a doctor of Chinese medicine. I met a former classmate of mine and told him about my son’s illness. She said pneumonia could only be cured by Chinese medicine, not western medicine. I asked her to recommend a doctor of Chinese medicine. She recommended Ho Non Shih (何能仕), a specialist of pneumonia. I described the symptom to Dr. Ho. He said he must see the patient before he could tell me whether the illness could be cured. However, the hospital rules forbade doctors of Chinese medicine to see patients in the hospital. Disguising as a family member visiting the patient, Dr. Ho secretly examined Wei-Li. After seeing Wei-Li, he said Wei-Li could leave the hospital and he would take Wei-Li as his patient. That morning, I made request to the hospital to check out Wei-Li but the hospital refused. The reason was that the temperature had reached 105 degree and the patient would be in immediate danger if oxygen was removed. I went home to discuss with my grandparents-in-law. They said that since western medicine could not cure pneumonia, the only chance was to leave the hospital and try Chinese medicine. I negotiated hard with the hospital. The hospital wanted signed statement that I would be responsible for everything after the patient left the hospital, and the hospital would have no responsibility for whatever happened to the patient. This was because under normal circumstances, the patient would be in great danger of losing his life after the oxygen was removed. I consulted with all people involved and decided to let Wei-Li check out the hospital. Fortunately, nothing happened on the way home. Following Dr. Ho’s instruction, I took Wei-Li home and at the same time sent someone to buy the medicine and prepare the medicine for Wei-Li to take, two to three teaspoonful initially and one more time two hours later. The temperature dropped to 102 degree on that evening. The doctor said this was a good start and Wei-Li should continue to take the medicine. Within a week, the temperature dropped to the normal level. I was trying to find a way to reward the doctor, he indicated that did not want anything from me, except that I put an advertisement in the newspaper to acknowledge and thank him. The doctor said the medicine was made from the horns of antelope and rhino, and was the most effective medicine for lowering body temperature in Chinese medicine. Jie-Li (潔力) was born at Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital (仁濟醫院) on May 10, 1936. A few months after her birth, Shih-Chuang took Wei-Li and Jie-Li to Shu Zhou (徐州), where we lived in a very large house. This was one of the best houses in Shu Zhou. Lai Li (來莉) came to our home at this time. We lived a peaceful life for a year. Unexpectly on July 7, 1937 Japanese troops attacked Chinese troops at Lu Go Bridge (蘆溝橋). This was the beginning of the 8-year long China-Japan war. Japan continued to attach China after the Lu Go Bridge incident. All the dependents of army personnel in Shu Zhou made preparation to leave the city. As both Wei-Li and Jie-Li were very young at the time, it would be very difficult for them to travel. After much thought, I decided that Shih-Chuang and the children go to Shanghai where Shih-Chuang’s grandparents lived. Guo-Li (國力, Calvin) was born at Ren Ji Hospital (仁濟醫院) in Shanghai on April 16, 1938. The family lived in a rented house in the concession. Shih-Chuang’s grandfather died that year. By 1939, the war spread and Shih-Chuang was thinking of moving to the interior region of China, but the routes from Shanghai to the interior were cut off. After much thought, we asked an elder in Shih-Chuang’s family to escort them from Shanghai to Honan Province (河南省, Henan) via Ning Po (寧波) and Jing Hua (金華) of Zhe Jiang Province (浙江), Ji An (吉安) of Jiang Shi Province (江西, Jiang Xi), and Chang Sha (長沙) of Hunan Province (湖南). Finally, when they reached Shiang Yang (襄陽, Xiang Yang) of Hubei Province (湖北), I was able to make a long-distance telephone call. From there they went to Nan Yang (南陽) of Honan Province (河南, Henan). At the time, I was Chief of Staff (參謀長) of the 4th Division (第四師). We lived in a village called Da Lin Tou (大林頭), where Chi-Li (智力, Charles) was born on December 13, 1941(4). There was no army obstetrician, but there were doctors and nurses from the Red Cross serving the army. They delivered the baby and all went well. In 1942, when I worked as Chief of Staff (參謀長) under Commander-in-Chief of the 31st Army Corps (三十一集團軍總司令), I was ordered to lead a delegate comprising of eight Vice Division Commanders (副師長) from the 31st Army Corps and Hu Zong Nan’s (胡宗南) Army Corps to visit military schools in the interior. The purpose was to learn about their methods of teaching. The schools to visit included infantry, artillery, communication and logistics schools. They were located in Si Chuan (四川) and Guei Zhou (貴州) provinces. The artillery school was in Du Shan (獨山) near Guang Shi (廣西, Guang Xi) Province. The journey was quite long. We travelled on an U.S. made 10-wheel truck. The roads were unpaved covered with gravel, steep and winding. We arrived at Tung Guan (潼 關) across the Yellow River (黃河) from Feng Ling Du (風凌渡). The Japanese troops stationed there used heavy artillery to shell passing vehicles frequently. We travelled at maximum speed during the night with the lights of the truck turned off. This was called forcing the way through a pass (闖關). Fortunately, we were not hit by the artillery fire. The visit lasted for three months. On the return trip, we passed Hunan Province (湖南). Most of the Vice Division Commanders were Hunanese. They requested leave to visit their families. My younger brother Fu Yin (福瑛) was attending university at Shao Guan (韶關), Guangdong at the time. I made a special trip to Shao Guan to see him and gave him a sum of money. After finishing all the work, I returned to Yeh Shien (葉縣, Ye Xian) to report to the Headquarter of the 31th Army Corps. In 1942, the commander-in-chief, Tang En Po (湯恩伯), sent me to Lin Chuang County (臨泉縣), An Huei Province (安徽省) to assume the position of Head of Education (教育長). An educational institution “Jiangsu-Shangdong-Honan-Anhuei Training Corps for Officers” (蘇魯豫皖四省邊區幹部訓練團) was located there. The nominal head of the training corps was Chiang Kai-Shek. In reality, I took the full responsibility. The students totalling one thousand were magistrates and guerrilla leaders in the enemy-ruled areas. As there was not enough barracks, I ordered four company barracks and an assembly hall be built which could accommodate a thousand people. Two batches of training were completed before I was transferred. In the fall of 1943, I was appointed Vice Commander of the 78th Army and Commander of the 42nd Division (七十八 軍副軍長兼四十二師師長). The commander of the 43rd Division was Huang Guo Shu (黃國書). After the war, he became Head of Legislative Assembly (立法院院長) because he was a native Taiwanese. 1945 was the last year of the War of Resistance (抗戰). No one expected Japan would surrender in 1945. This year, Japanese troops marched towards Shi An (西安, Xian) via Nan Yang (南陽). The 78th Army defended the road to Shi An. Our division had defended a road called “Ba Wang Tsai ( 霸王寨)” since March. The Japanese attacked repeatedly but failed to take it. I thus became “Little Ba Wang (小霸王)”. The defence continued till the summer when the division was transferred to the interior for consolidation and training. At this time, Shih-Chuang bought a small house in Shi An (西安, Xian) as a temporary residence. On the way to Shi An with the troops, I took the opportunity to go home. Shih-Chuang told me the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima (廣島) and Nagasaki (長崎) and Japan suffered heavy casualties. At the time, no one knew what an atomic bomb was. One day in Shi An (西安, Xian) when I was chatting with Tan Fu Lie (譚輔烈), we suddenly heard sound of fire crackers. A sea of jubilant people was out in the street celebrating. They heard from the radio that Japan had surrendered. The eight years of War of Resistance (抗戰) ended and it was a nightmare. The country did not need a large army as the war had ended. To reduce the size of the army, the 78th Army was re-organized into a division headed by Huang Guo Shu (黃國書). I was transferred back to the 31st Army Corps as Chief of Staff (三十一集團軍參謀長). The ceremony for the surrender of Japanese troops in Lo Yang (洛陽) took place in the city. As I was nearby, I had the opportunity to participate. At this time, Tang En Po (湯恩伯) was transferred to Guei Yang (貴陽) to assume the position of Commander of the 3rd Area Army (第三方面軍司令). Later he was transferred to Shanghai. The Commander-in-Chief of the 31st Army Corps, Wang Zhong Lien (王仲廉), was looking for an envoy to contact Tang En Po (湯恩伯). Wang considered me as the most suitable person for the job and sent me to Shanghai. This was what I would like to do. In Shanghai, I leaned that Li Ji Lan (李及蘭) was now the Commander-in-Chief of Shung-Hu Garrison (淞滬警備總司令). I paid him a visit. He made a request to transfer me to Shanghai as his Chief of Staff. The job was exacted what I wanted. This was the third time that I worked with him. I really did not want to go back to the 31st Army Corps. When Shih-Chuang learned that I got a new job in Shanghai, she travelled alone to Shanghai. As I did not have a house in Shanghai, the mayor of Shanghai, Chien Da Jun (錢大鈞) appropriated a house in the former French Concession at 191 Kang Ping Road (康平路) to me. The house used to belong to a German doctor. It was quite big with three floors, many rooms and three bathrooms. Heating in winter was by steam heaters. Furniture and other housel items were all ready for use. I had all the people old and young in Shi An moved here. Although there were more than 10 people, the house could easily accommodate all. In Shanghai, I was doing well with my work. There were social functions every night. The life was colorful and was a far cry from the military life in the war years. The headquarter of Shung-Hu Garrison (淞滬警備總部) was located in a multi-storey building on North Si Chuan Road (北四川路) next to a bridge. Unlike in the field, the headquarter was equipped with facilities for a modern office. There were 12 telephones on my desk connected the switchboard of various military units. Jia Li (佳力, Cathy) was born in Shanghai on July 6, 1947. In 1948, Ministry of Defence transferred me to the Military Police Academy to be Commandant. As I did not want to leave Shanghai and was not interested in the job, I accepted the job with great reluctance. At this time, the situation in the country turned bad. The communist forces had occupied a large area of the country. I was ordered by Ministry of Defence to move the academy to Chong Ching (重慶, Chong Qing). This was a very difficult task in view of the great distance and the lack of transportation facilities. The difficulty of moving more than one thousand officers and students, and tons of educational equipment to Chong Ching was beyond imagination. After much thought, in order to reduce risk, the academy personnel was divided into two groups. The group led by Head of Education (教育長), Tang Yong Shien (湯永咸) included officers and students, and would carry important documents and books, educational materials and equipment to Chong Ching (重慶, Chong Qing) by boat in Changjiang River (長江) through Jiang Shi Province (江西, Jiang Xi). Another group led by Head of Logistics Department (總務處長) would travel by land on trucks. After making the arrangements, I went to Guangzhou (廣州). Shih-Chuang and the children also moved to Guangzhou. One day I ran into Sheng Yun Tsung (沈蘊存) and he told me the Central Committee member Li Ji Lan (李及蘭), commander-in-chief of Guangzhou Garrison (廣州衛戌總司令), was looking for me. After meeting with me, Li cabled to Chiang Kai-Shek and requested that I be transferred to Guangzhou to assume the position of Vice Commander-in-Chief and Chief of Staff. I hence resigned from the Military Police Academy and took the new job. The Headquarter of Guangzhou Garrison was set up on August 8, 1949. However, as the old saying goes, although the sunset is beautiful, the dawn is near (夕陽無限好惜是近黃昏). Around Double Ten Day (October 10), Chiang Kai-Shek came to Guangzhou to review our work. The commander-in-chief of the garrison, Li Ji Lan (李及蘭), commander-in-chief of Military Police, Zhang Zhen (張鎮), and myself met with Chiang and tried to get instruction on future direction of our work from him. His instruction was something like this: “From our base in Guangdong, we launched the Northern Expedition to unify the country, and now we will of course retake the lost territory to unify the country again”. In 1949 after I arrived at the Headquarter of Guangzhou Garrison, the country became more unstable and unsafe. I had the children’s education in mind. Although they now studied at Pei Zheng (培正) and Pei Dao (培道) Middle School without any problem, the future was unknown. We should move to Hong Kong as early as possible so the children could receive education in a good environment. We arrived in Hong Kong in 1949 and rented a flat in an apartment on Ming Yuen Shi Street (名園西街). The children were sent to schools. We settled down temporarily. Around Double Ten Day (October 10), our troops in northern Guangdong were retreating and moving towards Guangzhou. By November 14, 1949, Executive Yuan and part of Defence Ministry in Guangzhou had moved to Taiwan. The Guangdong Provincial Government and Guangzhou Garrison were ordered to move. The explosion team sent by Defence Ministry destroyed Pearl River Bridge (珠江橋). Guangzhou Garrison retreaded to the border of Macau. When they asked the central government for instruction on the next move, the reply was “that organization has been dissolved”, and nothing else. The monkeys scatter after the tree falls (樹倒猢猻散). Those with money bought tickes to Taiwan or Macau, and those with no money went to refugee camps in Diao Jing Ling (調景嶺) in Hong Kong. I went to Hong Kong and settled there for the time being. I would watch the political situation in China before making decisions for the future. After living in Hong Kong for some time, I felt that Hong Kong was not a place for permanent residence. We obtained Entrance Permit to Taiwan and moved to Taiwan (5). I bought a house in Taichung (台中). The size of the living area of the house was 20 Ping (坪) which was too small to accommodate all the people in the family. A room was added to the house to be used as a family/dining room. At this time, the summer of 1951, Guangzhou Garrison had been dissolved, and I had left the military ser
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